This chapter aims to provide an assessment of the distributional implications of the economic crisis in Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania in the period 2009−2013. On the one hand, the recession has caused unemployment to rise and household incomes to fall, which are both changes that raise the demand for social protection. On the other hand, austerity policies and program reforms affect the capacity of welfare states to provide social protection. We use a microsimulation model to disentangle the first-order effects of tax–benefit policies from the overall effects of the crisis. Moreover, we estimate how the burden of the crisis has been shared across income groups and how the differential impact of the crisis may have altered the composition of the population in poverty. We conclude by discussing the methodological pitfalls and policy implications of our research.
